among the Greeks

gymnăsĭum, ii, n., =gumnasion, a public school among the Greeks for gymnastic exercises, a gymnasium.

Lit., Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 13; Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 151; id. Rep. 3, 32; 4, 4:

virgineum (in Sparta),

Prop. 3, 14, 2; Ov. H. 16, 151; Cels. 5, 11; 15; Plin. Ep. 10, 40, 2; Quint. 2, 8, 3 al.—Comically: gymnasium flagri, qs. school for the scourge, whipping-post, a term of reproach applied to one who is often flogged, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

totus doleo, ita me iste habuit senex gymnasium,

i. e. he has belabored me so, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5.—

Transf., a public school among the Greeks, a highschool, college:

omnia gymnasia atque omnes philosophorum scholae,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 56; Liv. 29, 19, 12; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; Juv. 3, 115: quae vix in gymnasiis et in otio Stoici probant, Cic. Par. prooem. 1.— Transf., of a college-building on Cicero's Tusculan estate:

cum ambulandi causa in Lyceum venissemus (id enim superiori gymnasio nomen est), etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 5, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9.

Gymnăsium, ii, f. (Gumnasion, dim. of Gumnas), name of a Greek maiden:

Gymnasium mea,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109.

gymnăsĭum, ii, n., =gumnasion, a public school among the Greeks for gymnastic exercises, a gymnasium.

Lit., Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 3; id. Bacch. 3, 3, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 13; Cic. Tusc. 2, 15, 151; id. Rep. 3, 32; 4, 4:

virgineum (in Sparta),

Prop. 3, 14, 2; Ov. H. 16, 151; Cels. 5, 11; 15; Plin. Ep. 10, 40, 2; Quint. 2, 8, 3 al.—Comically: gymnasium flagri, qs. school for the scourge, whipping-post, a term of reproach applied to one who is often flogged, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 31; cf.:

totus doleo, ita me iste habuit senex gymnasium,

i. e. he has belabored me so, id. Aul. 3, 1, 5.—

Transf., a public school among the Greeks, a highschool, college:

omnia gymnasia atque omnes philosophorum scholae,

Cic. de Or. 1, 13, 56; Liv. 29, 19, 12; Plin. Ep. 1, 22, 6; Juv. 3, 115: quae vix in gymnasiis et in otio Stoici probant, Cic. Par. prooem. 1.— Transf., of a college-building on Cicero's Tusculan estate:

cum ambulandi causa in Lyceum venissemus (id enim superiori gymnasio nomen est), etc.,

Cic. Div. 1, 5, 8; cf. id. Tusc. 2, 3, 9.

Gymnăsium, ii, f. (Gumnasion, dim. of Gumnas), name of a Greek maiden:

Gymnasium mea,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 109.

barbărus, a, um ( gen. plur. m. barbarum, Tac. A. 14, 39; 15, 25), adj., = barbaros [cf. barrio; balo, balbus; blatio].

Prop., foreign, strange, barbarous, opp. to Greek or Roman.

In gen.:

hospes,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 7, 25:

mixta facit Graiis barbara turba metum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 28; Hor. C. 1, 29, 6:

reges,

id. ib. 1, 35, 11.—Hence, in Tac., in barbarum, adverb., in the manner or according to the custom of foreigners or barbarians:

civitas potens, neque in barbarum corrupta,

Tac. A. 6, 42; id. H. 5, 2.— As subst.: barbărus, i, m., a foreigner, stranger, barbarian:

sin hoc et ratio doctis et necessitas barbaris praescripsit,

Cic. Mil. 11, 30; id. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112; 2, 5, 60, § 157:

quo neque noster adit quisquam, nec barbarus audet,

Lucr. 6, 37:

quippe simul nobis habitat discrimine nullo Barbarus,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 30:

barbarorum soli prope Germani singulis uxoribus contenti,

Tac. G. 18:

barbari praestabant non modicam humanitatem,

Vulg. Act. 28, 1.—

Esp., of a particular people, in opp. to Greek or Roman or both; cf.:

Romanus Graiusque ac barbarus induperator,

Juv. 10, 138 (cf.: barbaria, barbaricus, and Fest. s. v. barbari, p. 36 Müll.).

(In the mouth of a Greek, or in opp. to Greek.) Italian, Roman, Latin (never so used by the Romans):

nam os columnatum poetae esse inaudivi barbaro (sc. Naevio) (words of the Ephesian Periplectomenes),

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 58; id. Stich. 1, 3, 40:

i, stultior es barbaro Poticio,

id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15: absurdum erat aut tantum barbaris casibus Graecam litteram (ph) adhibere, aut recto casu Graece loqui, Cic. Or. 48, 160.—So also,

In the mouth of a Macedonian:

cum alienigenis, cum barbaris aeternum omnibus Graecis bellum est eritque,

Liv. 31, 29, 15.—And,

In reference to the inhabitants of Pontus:

barbarus hic ego sum, quia non intellegor ulli,

Ov. Tr. 5, 10, 37.—

Phrygian:

tibia,

Cat. 64, 264; cf. Lucr. 4, 546 Forbig.:

sonante mixtum tibiis carmen lyrae, Hac Dorium, illis barbarum,

Hor. Epod. 9, 6; Verg. A. 11, 777; Ov. M. 14, 163.—

Persian, a Persian:

solere reges barbaros Persarum ac Syrorum pluris uxores habere,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 33, § 76; Nep. Milt. 7, 1; id. Them. 3, 1; 6, 2; 7, 5; Curt. 3, 11, 16; 5, 10. 2.—Thus the king of the Persians is called barbarus, Nep. Them. 4, 4; id. Con. 4, 3;

and high officers of the king, barbari,

id. Ages. 3, 1; cf.:

Romanum agmen ad similitudinem barbari incessus convertere,

Tac. A. 3, 33.—

In gen., for any hostile people (among the Romans, after the Aug. age, esp. the German tribes, as, among the Greeks, after the Persian war, the Persians):

opinio, quae animos gentium barbararum pervaserat,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; id. Sull. 27, 76; of the Gauls, Liv. 6, 42, 7; the Germans, Tac. H. 4, 29; 5, 14; id. A. 1, 64; Suet. Aug. 21; id. Tib. 9; id. Calig. 5; 47; 51; id. Galb. 6; id. Dom. 6; 12; Amm. 18, 2, 5:

ut sunt fluxioris fidei barbari,

id. 18, 2, 18; the Thracians, Nep. Alcib. 7, 4; Tac. A. 4, 47; 11, 51; Carthaginians, Nep. Timol. 1, 1; Cilicians, id. Thras. 4, 4; Phœnicians and Cyprians, id. Cim. 2, 3; Parthians, Suet. Vesp. 8; Tac. A. 2, 2; 13, 26; Africans, Cic. Att. 9, 7; Suet. Galb. 7; Claud. 42; Tac. A. 4, 25; Britons, id. ib. 16, 17; 12, 35; 14, 32; even of the Dassaretians, a Greek people, Liv. 31, 33, 5; while the Romans did not elsewhere use barbarus for Greek.—

Transf., foreign, strange, in mind or character.

In mind, uncultivated, ignorant; rude, unpolished:

qui aliis inhumanus ac barbarus, isti uni commodus ac disertus videretur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 9, § 23:

ecqua civitas est... aut tam potens aut tam libera aut etiam tam inmanis ac barbara, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 4, 11, §

24: nationes,

Tac. H. 3, 5; Prop. 2, 16, 27:

Maroboduus... natione magis quam ratione barbarus,

Vell. 2, 108, 2.— Comp., of verses:

non sunt illa suo barbariora loco,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 72.—

Of character, wild, savage, cruel, barbarous:

neque tam barbari linguā et natione illi, quam tu naturā et moribus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 50, § 112:

immanis ac barbara consuetudo hominum immolandorum,

id. Font. 14, 31 (10, 21); id. Phil. 3, 6, 15; 13, 9, 21:

gens,

id. Sull. 27, 76:

homines,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 32, § 81:

homo,

id. ib. 2, 5, 57, §

148: pirata,

id. Rosc. Am. 50, 146:

praedones,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 55, § 122; Tib. 2, 5, 48:

tollite barbarum Morem,

Hor. C. 1, 27, 2:

Medea,

id. Epod. 5, 61:

domina,

id. C. 3, 27, 66:

libidines,

id. ib. 4, 12, 7:

ignis,

Ov. M. 14, 574:

populus,

Vulg. Psa. 113, 1.—

* Comp.:

sacra barbariora,

Ov. P. 3, 2, 78.— Sup. not in use.—Hence, adv.: barbărē.

Prop., as a foreigner would, in a foreign tongue: Demophilus scripsit;

Marcus vortit barbare,

i. e. into Latin, Plaut. As. prol. 10; id. Trin. prol. 19; cf. barbarus, I. B. 1. —

Transf.

Rudely, ignorantly, in an uncultivated way:

si grammaticum se professus quispiam barbare loqueretur,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 4, 12:

ut is, a quo insolenter quid aut minaciter aut crudeliter dictum sit, barbare locutus existimetur,

Quint. 1, 5, 9:

tota saepe theatra et omnem Circi turbam exclamasse barbare scimus,

id. 1, 6, 45.—

Rudely, roughly, barbarously, cruelly:

dulcia barbare Laedentem oscula,

Hor. C. 1, 13, 15:

ferociter et barbare facere,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 15, 2.

andrōn, ōnis, m., = andrôn (anêr, a man).

Among the Greeks, the part of the house in which the men resided, the men's apartment; also called andronitis (opp. gynaeceum, q. v.): locus domicilii, in quo viri [p. 118] morabantur, Paul. ex Fest. p. 19 Müll.; cf. Vitr. 6, 10.—

Among the Romans, a passage between two walls or courts of a house, Vitr. 6, 10; Plin. Ep. 2, 17.

gynaecēum or gynaecīum ( gun-), i, n., = gunaikeion.

Among the Greeks, the inner part of the house where the women dwelt, the women's apartments, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 68; 72; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 26; Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—

Among the Romans, the emperor's seraglio, where also women spun and wove the imperial garments:

matresfamilias ingenuae ac nobiles in gynaeceum rapiebantur,

Lact. de Mort. Pers. 21; Veg. Mil. 1, 7; Cod. Just. 9, 27, 5; 11, 7, 5.

gynaecēum or gynaecīum ( gun-), i, n., = gunaikeion.

Among the Greeks, the inner part of the house where the women dwelt, the women's apartments, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 68; 72; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 26; Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—

Among the Romans, the emperor's seraglio, where also women spun and wove the imperial garments:

matresfamilias ingenuae ac nobiles in gynaeceum rapiebantur,

Lact. de Mort. Pers. 21; Veg. Mil. 1, 7; Cod. Just. 9, 27, 5; 11, 7, 5.

gynaecēum or gynaecīum ( gun-), i, n., = gunaikeion.

Among the Greeks, the inner part of the house where the women dwelt, the women's apartments, Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 68; 72; Ter. Phorm. 5, 6, 26; Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95.—

Among the Romans, the emperor's seraglio, where also women spun and wove the imperial garments:

matresfamilias ingenuae ac nobiles in gynaeceum rapiebantur,

Lact. de Mort. Pers. 21; Veg. Mil. 1, 7; Cod. Just. 9, 27, 5; 11, 7, 5.

xystus, i, m., or xystum, i, n., = xustos or xuston.

Among the Greeks, a covered portico or gallery, where the athletes exercised in winter, Vitr. 5, 11, 4; 6, 10, 5; Tert. Apol. 38.—

Among the Romans, an open colonnade or portico, or a walk planted with trees, etc., for recreation, conversation, philosophic discussion, etc., Cic. Att. 1, 8, 2; id. Brut. 3, 10; id. Ac. 2, 3, 9; Sen. Ira. 3, 18, 3; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 17; 5, 6, 19; 9, 7, 4; 9, 36, 3; Suet. Aug. 72; Phaedr. 2, 5, 18. [p. 2018]

Corsĭca, ae ( Corsis, ĭdis, Prisc. Perieg. 470), f. (among the Greeks, Kurnos, Korsis), the island Corsica, in the Mediterranean Sea, renowned in ancient times for the honey and wax of wild bees; the place of banishment of Seneca the philosopher, Liv. Epit. 17; Sen. Cons. Helv. 6, 2; Tac. H. 2, 16; Mel. 2, 7, 19; Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80; Monum. Scip. ap. Inscr. Orell. 552; Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 52 al.—

Hence adjj.

Cor-sus, a, um, Corsican, Ov. F. 6, 194.—In plur.: Corsi, ōrum, m., the Corsicans, Liv. 42, 7, 1 and 2; Plin. 15, 29, 38, § 126.—

Also,

a people that migrated from Corsica into northern Sardinia, Plin. 3, 7, 13, § 85. —

Corsĭcus, a, um, Corsican:

litora,

Manil. 4, 636:

apis,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 10:

mel,

Plin. 30, 4, 10, § 28:

cera,

id. 21, 14, 49, § 84. —

Corsĭcānus, a, um, Corsican:

ager,

Sol. 3:

mella,

Serv. ad Verg. E. 9, 30; id. G. 4, 101.

Corsĭca, ae ( Corsis, ĭdis, Prisc. Perieg. 470), f. (among the Greeks, Kurnos, Korsis), the island Corsica, in the Mediterranean Sea, renowned in ancient times for the honey and wax of wild bees; the place of banishment of Seneca the philosopher, Liv. Epit. 17; Sen. Cons. Helv. 6, 2; Tac. H. 2, 16; Mel. 2, 7, 19; Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80; Monum. Scip. ap. Inscr. Orell. 552; Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 52 al.—

Hence adjj.

Cor-sus, a, um, Corsican, Ov. F. 6, 194.—In plur.: Corsi, ōrum, m., the Corsicans, Liv. 42, 7, 1 and 2; Plin. 15, 29, 38, § 126.—

Also,

a people that migrated from Corsica into northern Sardinia, Plin. 3, 7, 13, § 85. —

Corsĭcus, a, um, Corsican:

litora,

Manil. 4, 636:

apis,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 10:

mel,

Plin. 30, 4, 10, § 28:

cera,

id. 21, 14, 49, § 84. —

Corsĭcānus, a, um, Corsican:

ager,

Sol. 3:

mella,

Serv. ad Verg. E. 9, 30; id. G. 4, 101.

Corsĭca, ae ( Corsis, ĭdis, Prisc. Perieg. 470), f. (among the Greeks, Kurnos, Korsis), the island Corsica, in the Mediterranean Sea, renowned in ancient times for the honey and wax of wild bees; the place of banishment of Seneca the philosopher, Liv. Epit. 17; Sen. Cons. Helv. 6, 2; Tac. H. 2, 16; Mel. 2, 7, 19; Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80; Monum. Scip. ap. Inscr. Orell. 552; Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 52 al.—

Hence adjj.

Cor-sus, a, um, Corsican, Ov. F. 6, 194.—In plur.: Corsi, ōrum, m., the Corsicans, Liv. 42, 7, 1 and 2; Plin. 15, 29, 38, § 126.—

Also,

a people that migrated from Corsica into northern Sardinia, Plin. 3, 7, 13, § 85. —

Corsĭcus, a, um, Corsican:

litora,

Manil. 4, 636:

apis,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 10:

mel,

Plin. 30, 4, 10, § 28:

cera,

id. 21, 14, 49, § 84. —

Corsĭcānus, a, um, Corsican:

ager,

Sol. 3:

mella,

Serv. ad Verg. E. 9, 30; id. G. 4, 101.

Corsĭca, ae ( Corsis, ĭdis, Prisc. Perieg. 470), f. (among the Greeks, Kurnos, Korsis), the island Corsica, in the Mediterranean Sea, renowned in ancient times for the honey and wax of wild bees; the place of banishment of Seneca the philosopher, Liv. Epit. 17; Sen. Cons. Helv. 6, 2; Tac. H. 2, 16; Mel. 2, 7, 19; Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80; Monum. Scip. ap. Inscr. Orell. 552; Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 52 al.—

Hence adjj.

Cor-sus, a, um, Corsican, Ov. F. 6, 194.—In plur.: Corsi, ōrum, m., the Corsicans, Liv. 42, 7, 1 and 2; Plin. 15, 29, 38, § 126.—

Also,

a people that migrated from Corsica into northern Sardinia, Plin. 3, 7, 13, § 85. —

Corsĭcus, a, um, Corsican:

litora,

Manil. 4, 636:

apis,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 10:

mel,

Plin. 30, 4, 10, § 28:

cera,

id. 21, 14, 49, § 84. —

Corsĭcānus, a, um, Corsican:

ager,

Sol. 3:

mella,

Serv. ad Verg. E. 9, 30; id. G. 4, 101.

Corsĭca, ae ( Corsis, ĭdis, Prisc. Perieg. 470), f. (among the Greeks, Kurnos, Korsis), the island Corsica, in the Mediterranean Sea, renowned in ancient times for the honey and wax of wild bees; the place of banishment of Seneca the philosopher, Liv. Epit. 17; Sen. Cons. Helv. 6, 2; Tac. H. 2, 16; Mel. 2, 7, 19; Plin. 3, 6, 12, § 80; Monum. Scip. ap. Inscr. Orell. 552; Cic. N. D. 3, 20, 52 al.—

Hence adjj.

Cor-sus, a, um, Corsican, Ov. F. 6, 194.—In plur.: Corsi, ōrum, m., the Corsicans, Liv. 42, 7, 1 and 2; Plin. 15, 29, 38, § 126.—

Also,

a people that migrated from Corsica into northern Sardinia, Plin. 3, 7, 13, § 85. —

Corsĭcus, a, um, Corsican:

litora,

Manil. 4, 636:

apis,

Ov. Am. 1, 12, 10:

mel,

Plin. 30, 4, 10, § 28:

cera,

id. 21, 14, 49, § 84. —

Corsĭcānus, a, um, Corsican:

ager,

Sol. 3:

mella,

Serv. ad Verg. E. 9, 30; id. G. 4, 101.

rŏta, ae, f. [kindred with Sanscr. ratha, chariot, and Germ. Rad (cf.rotundus), wheel], a wheel.

Lit.:

pro rotā me uti licet,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9; cf.:

vorsutior es quam rota figularis,

id. Ep. 3, 2, 35:

orbes rotarum,

Lucr. 6, 551; Plin. 8, 16, 19, § 52:

axes rotarum,

id. 16, 43, 84, § 229:

radiata,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 15:

aurea curvatura summae rotae, Ov M. 2, 108: aquaria,

Cato, R. R. 11, 3: ne currente rotā funis eat retro, while the wheel (in a hoisting machine) hurries forward, Hor. C. 3, 10, 10 et saep.—

In partic.

A potter ' s wheel (cf. supra, figularis):

amphora coepit Institui: currente rotā cur urceus exit?

Hor. A. P. 22; so,

Cumana,

Tib. 2, 3, 48:

Aristarchus invenit rotam figuli, cujus circuitu vasa formantur,

Sen. Ep. 90, 31.—

A wheel for torture (trochos, among the Greeks):

in rotam beatam vitam non escendere,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 24:

cervicem circumactu rotae frangere,

Sen. Ep. 70, 23; App. M. 3, p. 133; 10, p. 243; Sen. Herc. Oet. 1011.— Ixion ' s wheel, Tib. 1, 3, 74; Verg. G. 4, 484; id. A. 6, 616; Sen. Herc. Fur. 750 et saep.—

A roller:

aliquid subjectis rotis traicere,

Front. 1, 5, 7:

propellere,

Tac. H. 4, 23; Vitr. 10, 13, 2.—

Poet., transf.

(Pars pro toto.) A car, chariot: si rota defuerit, tu pede carpe viam, Ov.A. A. 2,230; cf. (opp. pedibus) id. M. 1, 448; so Prop. 1, 2, 20; 2, 25 (3, 20), 26;

4 (5), 10, 42: subdiderat rotas,

Verg. A. 12, 675; Ov. M. 2, 139; 312; 3, 150. —Of the span of horses:

Cynthia fraternis afflata rotis,

Sil. 4, 483.—

Of things in the shape of a wheel or disk.

The disk of the sun:

solis rota,

Lucr. 5, 432; 564; cf.:

flammea Phoebi,

Sen. Herc. Oet. 1022; and simply rota, Enn. ap. Isid. Orig. 18, 36 fin.; Val. Fl. 3, 559.—

A kind of sea-fish, Plin. 9, 4, 3, § 8; 32, 11, 53, § 144.—

Trop., a wheel:

fortunae rotam pertimescere,

i. e. fickleness, inconstancy, Cic. Pis. 10, 22; cf.:

versatur celeri Fors levis orbe rotae,

Tib. 1, 5, 70; Prop. 2, 8, 8 (10); Tac. Or. 23; Amm. 26, 8, 13.— Poet.:

imparibus vecta Thalia rotis,

i. e. in elegiac metre, Ov. A. A. 1, 264; so,

disparibus (elegorum) rotis,

id. P. 3, 4, 86: jactor, crucior, agitor, stimulor, vorsor in amoris rotā miser, on the rack of love (cf. I. A. 2. b. supra), Plaut. Cist. 2, 1, 4.

* * *

stădĭum, ii, n. ( masc. collat. form, acc. plur. stadios, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 15 med.; gen. plur. usu. stadium;

but stadiorum,

Plin. 2, 108, 112, § 247; 4, 1, 2, § 5; 4, 12, 24, § 75), = stadion.

In gen., a stade, stadium, a distance of 125 paces, or 625 Roman feet, equal to 606 feet 9 inches English;

it was an eighth part of a milliarium, or somewhat less than an eighth of an English mile,

Plin. 2, 23, 21, § 85; Col. 5, 1, 6; Censor. de Die Nat. 13; Cic. Fin. 5, 1, 1; id. Ac. 2, 31, 100; id. Fam. 16, 2; Sall. Fragm. ap. Non. 496, 1; Plin. 2, 21, 19, § 83; 2, 108, 112, § 247.—

In partic., a racecourse for foot - racing, of a stadium in length (among the Greeks):

qui stadium currit,

Cic. Off. 3, 10, 42:

ut in stadio cursores exclamant,

id. Tusc. 2, 23, 56; cf. Suet. Dom. 5; Eutr. 7, 15.—

Trop., a contest, = contentio (perh. only in the foll. passages):

in stadium artis rhetoricae prodire,

Auct. Her. 4, 3, 4:

in stadio laudis versari,

Rutil. Lup. 2, p. 77 (p. 139 Frotscher; but in Cic. Brut. 64, 230, the correct read. is in studio laudis).

* * *